The newer Tomcat versions handle URL encoding differently compared to earlier releases. This causes certain OCSP certificate validation requests from Spotfire Node Manager to be rejected, leading to startup failures. A similar error will be seen in the node manager logs.
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java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Illegal base64 character 25
...
web.controller.IllegalArgumentExceptionHandler: Exception for /spotfire/nodemanager/trust/ocsp/...
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All

To fix the issue:

Step 1] Disable the use of the local OCSP proxy in Node Manager by following the steps below

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1. Navigate to the directory tsnm\<version>\nm\ directory.

2. Open the winsw.xml for Editing

3. Add the following line inside the <service> block:

      <env name="JAVA_OPTS" value="-Dspotfire.ocsp.use-local-proxy=false"/>

4. Save the winsw.xml File.
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Step 2] Fix solidusHandling settings for proper request decoding

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1. config export-config

2. config set-config-prop --name="security.trust.registration-connector.attributes.solidusHandling.key" --value="encodedSolidusHandling"

3. config set-config-prop --name="security.trust.registration-connector.attributes.solidusHandling.value" --value="decode"

4. config import-config -c "tomcat changes"

5. Restart the Spotfire server
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After upgrading Apache Tomcat to version 10.1.24 and later, Spotfire Node Managers and/or services such as Web Player and Python/TERR may fail to come online.

Doc: export-config   
https://docs.tibco.com/pub/spotfire_server/latest/doc/html/TIB_sfire_server_tsas_admin_help/server/topics/export-config.html

Doc: import-config
https://docs.tibco.com/pub/spotfire_server/latest/doc/html/TIB_sfire_server_tsas_admin_help/server/topics/import-config.html

Doc: set-config-prop
https://docs.tibco.com/pub/spotfire_server/latest/doc/html/TIB_sfire_server_tsas_admin_help/server/topics/set-config-prop.html

KB: How to set a Java system property on the Spotfire Node Manager Java process
https://support.tibco.com/external/article?articleUrl=How-to-set-a-Java-system-property-on-the-Spotfire-Node-Manager-Java-process