After adding a new data table or creating new calculated columns, the columns are not visible inside the filter panel in the TIBCO Spotfire Analyst.
 

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For Spotfire 7.14 and below: Open TIBCO Spotfire Analyst >> Edit Menu >> Data Table Properties >> Select the Radio button - "Create automatically for all columns". Click on the "OK" button. Now create a new calculated column and its corresponding filter will appear in the filter panel. 

For Spotfire 10.0 and above: Open TIBCO Spotfire Analyst >> Data Menu >> Data Table Properties >> Select the Radio button - "Create automatically for all columns". Click on the "OK" button. Now create a new calculated column and its corresponding filter will appear in the filter panel. Below is the reference image:



Note: For previously created/added columns, click on View Menu >> Data. The filter icon will appear on hover-​over the column.

When adding/creating new columns in TIBCO Spotfire Analyst, they are not shown in filter panel automatically unless "Create automatically for all columns" is enabled.